residual spray

Indoor residual sprays (IRS) are effective method to reduce the risk of malaria by applying insecticides to the interior walls of houses in malaria-endemic areas.

Here are five commonly used indoor residual sprays:

1. Deltamethrin: This pyrethroid insecticide is widely used for IRS due to its effectiveness against malaria vectors and relatively low toxicity to humans when used correctly.    

2. Bendiocarb: Another carbamate insecticide used for IRS, bendiocarb is effective against malaria vectors and has a different mode of action compared to pyrethroids, which can help mitigate insecticide resistance.      

3. Pirimiphos-methyl: A organophosphate insecticide that is effective against malaria vectors and is commonly used for Indoor residual sprays in areas where there is resistance to pyrethroids.          

4. Alpha-cypermethrin: A synthetic pyrethroid similar to deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin is effective against malaria vectors and is used indoor residual sprays programs where resistance to other insecticides is a concern.      

5. Clothianidin: A neonicotinoid insecticide that has been used experimentally and in some IRS programs for its effectiveness against malaria vectors, though its use is less widespread compared to pyrethroids.        

Efficacy against malaria vectors, human safety when applied according to recommendations, and control of resistance have all been taken into consideration in the selection of these pesticides. Based on local vector species and pesticide resistance profiles, local health authorities and organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) usually recommend specific insecticides.