Side Effects of Contraceptives

Side efects of contraceptives. Methods, tools, or drugs used to avoid getting pregnant are known as contraceptives, or birth control. They can stop ovulation, stop sperm from getting to the egg, or stop fertilization, among other things. Options include short-acting treatments like tablets and condoms, less dependable methods like withdrawal, and extremely effective long-acting methods like implants and IUDs. The health, needs, and preferences of an individual determine the best option.

SIDE EFFECTS OF CONTRACEPTIVES

Common adverse effects of contraceptives include nausea, headaches, breast discomfort, mood changes, and spotting or irregular bleeding. Combination medications carry serious, albeit uncommon, dangers, such as blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes, particularly in women over 30 or smokers. While some side effects may go away with time, it’s crucial to speak with a doctor if they’re severe or ongoing.

1. Oral Contraceptives Pills;

SIDE EFFECTS OF CONTRACEPTIVES

Mechanism: Birth control pills contain synthetic hormones (estrogen and progestin) that prevent ovulation, thicken cervical mucus to block sperm, and thin the uterine lining to prevent implantation.

Effectiveness: When taken correctly, birth control pills are over 99% effective. However, typical use, which includes missing pills, reduces effectiveness to about 91%.

Side Effects:

– Nausea
– Weight gain
– Mood changes
– Breast tenderness
– Increased risk of blood clots, especially in smokers or women over 35

2. intrauterine device;

SIDE EFFECTS OF CONTRACEPTIVES

Mechanism: An IUD is a small, T-shaped device inserted into the uterus. There are two types:

– Hormonal IUDs: Release progestin to thicken cervical mucus and thin the uterine lining.
– Copper IUDs: Release copper ions that are toxic to sperm.

Effectiveness: IUDs are over 99% effective.

Side Effects:

– Cramping and spotting after insertion
– Irregular periods (hormonal IUD)
– Heavier periods and increased menstrual cramps (copper IUD)
– Rare risk of uterine perforation or infection

3. Condoms;

SIDE EFFECTS OF CONTRACEPTIVES

Mechanism: Condoms are barrier methods that prevent sperm from entering the uterus. They also provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Effectiveness: When used perfectly, condoms are 98% effective. With typical use, effectiveness drops to about 85%.

Side Effects:

– Latex allergy (alternative materials like polyurethane are available)
– Reduced sensation for some users
– Potential breakage or slippage

4. Contraceptive Implant;

Mechanism: The implant is a small rod inserted under the skin of the upper arm. It releases progestin, which prevents ovulation, thickens cervical mucus, and thins the uterine lining.

Effectiveness: Over 99% effective.

Side Effects:

– Irregular bleeding or spotting
– Weight gain
– Mood swings
– Acne
– Pain at the insertion site

5. Contraceptive Injection;

Mechanism: This injection contains progestin and is administered every three months. It prevents ovulation, thickens cervical mucus, and thins the uterine lining.

Effectiveness: About 94% effective with typical use.

Side Effects:

– Irregular bleeding
– Weight gain
– Headaches
– Bone density loss with long-term use
– Delayed return to fertility after discontinuation

Summary

Contraceptives are contraceptive methods or technologies. Regarding mechanism, efficacy, and possible adverse effects, they differ greatly. The common forms of contraceptives and their effects are listed above.