Understanding Eyelid Infections: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

An eyelid infection happens when bacteria, viruses, or fungi affect the skin or glands of the eyelid. It can cause discomfort, swelling, and changes in appearance. Eyelid infections are common and usually not serious, but they can be painful and irritating.

Common Types of Eyelid Infections

1. Stye (Hordeolum)

– A red, painful bump on the edge of the eyelid

– Caused by a bacterial infection in an oil gland or eyelash follicle

– Often filled with pus

2. Chalazion

– Swollen lump caused by a blocked oil gland

– Usually painless and not due to infection, but it can become infected

3. Blepharitis

– Inflammation of the eyelid edges

– Often caused by bacteria, oily skin, or clogged glands

– Leads to red, itchy, or crusty eyelids

4. Cellulitis (Preseptal or Orbital)

– A more serious infection that causes swelling, redness, and warmth

– Can spread around the eye (orbital cellulitis), needing urgent treatment

Symptoms of Eyelid Infections

– Redness and swelling of the eyelid

– Pain or tenderness

– A lump or bump on the eyelid

– Itchy or burning sensation

– Crusty or sticky eyelashes

– Watery or irritated eyes

– Sensitivity to light

Causes

– Bacteria (commonly Staphylococcus)

– Poor eyelid hygiene

– Touching eyes with dirty hands

– Use of old or shared makeup

– Skin conditions like dandruff or rosacea

Treatment

– Warm compresses (for 10–15 minutes, several times a day)

– Eyelid cleaning with mild soap or prescribed wipes

– Antibiotic ointments or drops (if caused by bacteria)

– Avoiding eye makeup until healed

– Oral antibiotics or medical care for more serious cases like cellulitis

Do not pop or squeeze a stye or bump, as this can spread the infection.

When to See a Doctor

– If swelling spreads

– And you experience vision problems

– If symptoms don’t improve within a few days

– If there’s pus, fever, or severe pain

Eyelid infections are treatable and often go away with simple care. Keeping your hands and face clean is the best way to prevent them.