Intrauterine devices (IUD) are a popular, long-term, and highly effective form of contraception. There are two main categories of IUDs: hormonal and non-hormonal (copper). Here are four commonly used IUDs:
1. Mirena (Hormonal IUD)
Mechanism: Mirena releases a small amount of levonorgestrel, a type of progestin, which thickens cervical mucus, thins the uterine lining, and inhibits sperm movement and function.
Effectiveness: Over 99% effective.
Duration: Up to 7 years.
Side Effects:
– Irregular bleeding or spotting, especially in the first few months
– Lighter periods or amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) over time
– Possible hormonal side effects such as breast tenderness, mood changes, or acne
2. ParaGard (Copper IUD)
Mechanism: ParaGard is a non-hormonal IUD that releases copper ions, which are toxic to sperm, preventing fertilization.
Effectiveness: Over 99% effective.
Duration: Up to 10 years.
Side Effects:
– Heavier and longer periods, especially in the first few months
– Increased menstrual cramps
– Possible allergic reaction to copper (rare)
3. Kyleena (Hormonal IUD)
Mechanism: Kyleena releases a lower dose of levonorgestrel than Mirena, which thickens cervical mucus, thins the uterine lining, and inhibits sperm movement.
Effectiveness: Over 99% effective.
Duration: Up to 5 years.
Side Effects:
– Irregular bleeding or spotting, particularly in the initial months
– Lighter periods or amenorrhea over time
– Possible hormonal side effects such as acne, headache, or breast tenderness
4. Liletta (Hormonal IUD)
Mechanism: Similar to Mirena and Kyleena, Liletta releases levonorgestrel, thickening cervical mucus, thinning the uterine lining, and inhibiting sperm movement.
Effectiveness: Over 99% effective.
Duration: Up to 8 years (approved duration may vary by region and regulatory guidelines).
Side Effects:
– Irregular bleeding or spotting, especially early on
– Lighter periods or amenorrhea over time
– Possible hormonal side effects such as mood changes, headaches, or acne
Choosing the Right IUD
When selecting an IUD, factors to consider include duration of effectiveness, potential side effects, and individual health conditions or preferences. Consulting with a healthcare provider can help determine the most suitable option based on personal medical history and lifestyle. Each IUD offers a reliable, long-term contraceptive solution, with varying hormone levels and side effect profiles to suit different needs.
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