Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine (colon). It causes recurring abdominal discomfort along with changes in bowel habits. Although IBS doesn’t cause permanent damage or increase the risk of serious disease, it can greatly affect a person’s quality of life.
What Is IBS?
Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disorder, meaning there’s no visible damage to the digestive tract, but the system doesn’t work as it should. It affects how the gut and brain work together, often leading to increased sensitivity and irregular muscle contractions in the colon.
Common Symptoms of IBS
– Abdominal pain or cramping
– Bloating and gas
– Diarrhea (IBS-D)
– Constipation (IBS-C)
– Alternating diarrhea and constipation (IBS-M)
– Mucus in the stool
Symptoms often improve after a bowel movement and may worsen with stress, certain foods, or hormonal changes.
What Causes IBS?
The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but possible triggers and factors include:
– Abnormal gut motility – Too fast or too slow movement of stool
– Increased gut sensitivity – Pain from normal digestion
– Stress or anxiety – Affects gut-brain communication
– Gut infections – Such as gastroenteritis or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)
– Hormonal changes – Especially in women during menstruation
– Food intolerances – Certain foods may trigger symptoms
Diagnosis
There’s no single test for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Diagnosis is usually based on:
– Medical history and symptoms
– Physical exam
– Exclusion of other conditions like celiac disease, IBD, or infections
– Tests such as stool analysis, blood tests, or colonoscopy may be done to rule out other issues
Treatment and Management
IBS has no cure, but symptoms can be managed through lifestyle changes and, in some cases, medication.
Lifestyle and Diet Changes:
– Eat smaller, frequent meals
– Avoid trigger foods (e.g., caffeine, dairy, fried foods, alcohol)
– Follow a low-FODMAP diet – Reducing fermentable carbs that worsen symptoms
– Increase fiber gradually (for IBS-C)
-Stay hydrated
– Exercise regularly
Medications:
– Antispasmodics – To relieve cramping
– Laxatives or stool softeners – For constipation
– Anti-diarrheal drugs – Like loperamide
– Antidepressants or anti-anxiety meds – For pain and emotional symptoms
– Probiotics – To improve gut flora balance
Living with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Living, managing stress, and working with a healthcare provider can help control flare-ups and improve well-being.
Note: Always consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and personalized treatment.
