Health
Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS
Prevention and control of schistosomiasis. The second most common cause of human suffering in the tropics and subtropics, after malaria, is schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease. Over 240 million people worldwide are infected, and five species are known to infect humans. Up until now, mass drug administration of 40 mg/kg of praziquantel has been the mainstay of control.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS
However, this strategy has drawbacks. Vaccines for humans and cattle are still in different stages of development. Future elimination and sustainability can only be achieved through integrated control that targets the life cycle. There isn’t a vaccine to stop schistosomiasis. some of its symptoms include, cough, diarrhoea, joint pain , tummy pain. You can reduce your risk of contracting it by taking certain actions.
1. Avoid entering freshwater
In areas where schistosomiasis is prevalent, avoid swimming, wading, or taking a bath in freshwater. Pools that are chlorinated and the ocean are both safe.
2. Drink clean water
Schistosomiasis cannot be contracted by drinking contaminated water. You could become infected, though, if the parasites come into contact with your lips or mouth while you’re drinking the water.
3. Boil water
Before drinking, bring water from lakes, rivers, streams, canals, or springs to a boil for at least one minute. The water can also be filtered. Bacteria, viruses, and parasites can all be eliminated by boiling water. Safe water is not guaranteed by iodine treatment alone.
4. Get your bath water ready
Also, there are things you can do to make your bath water safe. • To get rid of anything dangerous, boil your bath water until it is bubbling vigorously for at least a minute. To avoid getting burned, wait until the water has cooled down before entering. Make sure to thoroughly dry yourself. After a brief exposure to contaminated water, thoroughly dry yourself with a towel. The Schistosoma parasite may be kept out of your skin by the drying process. This is not a good way to avoid schistosomiasis.
Controlling Schistosomiasis
Meanwhile, in nations where schistosomiasis poses a serious threat, control measures concentrate on lowering the infection rate, eliminating the snails that the parasites reside in, and providing adequate water and sanitation. Schistosomiasis can be prevented or its spread reduced by draining and eliminating sewage. In regions where the disease is less prevalent, schistosomiasis can be stopped, according to public health officials. To stop the spread, entire communities are treated in bulk, and school-age children are specifically treated.
1. However, avoid drinking from these water sources. Although parasites can enter the skin around your mouth, you won’t get them by drinking the water.
2. Although, avoid swimming or taking a bath in these waters.
3. Meanwhile, avoid using these waters to wash your clo€thes.
4. Also, these bodies of water are not suitable for fishing. You can vigorously dry yourself off with a towel if you do get wet. That might be useful, but don’t depend on it.
Summary
Hence, a parasitic flatworm that enters your skin through contaminated water sources is the cause of schistosomiasis. Bladder cancer is linked to it. There is a medication to treat it, but no vaccine. The parasite that develops in the snail and then infects humans has a type of forked head that makes it possible for it to pierce your skin.
CAUSES OF DENGUE FEVER
Causes of dengue fever. the world’s tropical and subtropical regions. Flu-like symptoms and a high temperature are signs of mild dengue fever. Serious bleeding, a sharp drop in blood pressure (shock), and even death are possible outcomes of the severe type of dengue fever, commonly known as dengue hemorrhagic fever. Every year, millions of people around the world contract dengue. Southeast Asia, the western Pacific islands, Latin America, and Africa are the regions with the highest rates of dengue fever.
CAUSES OF DENGUE FEVER
However, the illness has been moving to other regions, with isolated outbreaks occurring in southern U.S. states and Europe. Vaccines against dengue fever are being developed. The best methods to prevent infection in regions where dengue fever is prevalent at the moment are to stay away from mosquito bites and take precautions to lower the
Symptoms
Many people do not exhibit any dengue virus symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they typically start four to ten days after you are bitten by an infected mosquito and can be confused with other illnesses, including the flu. A high temperature of 104 F (40 C) and any of the following symptoms are indicative of dengue fever: Headache Pain in the muscles, bones, or joints Nausea Vomiting Anguish behind the eyes enlarged glands Rash Most folks get better in about a week. Sometimes the symptoms get worse and can prove fatal. This is known as dengue shock syndrome, dengue hemorrhagic fever, or severe dengue. When your blood vessels are damaged and start to leak, you get severe dengue. Additionally, your blood’s concentration of platelets, which are cells that form clots, decreases. Shock, internal bleeding, organ failure, and even death may result from this. Severe dengue fever is a potentially fatal condition that can manifest warning signs rapidly. Usually during the first day or two after your fever subsides, the warning symptoms could include: Extreme abdominal discomfort Constant vomiting bleeding from the nose or gums Blood in your vomit, feces, or pee Bleeding beneath the skin that may appear to be bruises Breathing difficulties or too quickly Fatigue Restlessness or irritability
Causes
There are four different kinds of dengue viruses that can cause dengue fever. Dengue fever cannot be contracted by contact with an infected individual. Rather, mosquito bites are how dengue disease is transmitted. Both in and around human accommodations, the two mosquito species that most frequently transmit dengue viruses are prevalent. A mosquito contracts the dengue virus when it bites a person who has the illness. The virus then enters the bloodstream of the person who is bitten by the infected mosquito, resulting in an infection. You are immune to the virus that caused your dengue fever for the rest of your life, but not to the other three forms of the virus. This implies that one of the other three virus types could infect you once more in the future. If you acquire dengue fever a second, third, or fourth time, your chances of getting severe dengue fever increase.
Prevention
Vaccine There may be vaccines against dengue fever for those between the ages of 6 and 60. Depending on the vaccine, receiving a dengue immunization requires two or three doses spread out over several months. Those who have experienced dengue fever at least once and reside in areas where the dengue virus is prevalent are eligible to receive these vaccinations.
Summary
A virus called dengue, sometimes known as break-bone fever, is transmitted from mosquitoes to humans. In tropical and subtropical regions, it is more prevalent. The majority of dengue patients won’t show any symptoms. However, the most typical symptoms for those who do include rash, headache, body aches, nausea, and a high temperature. Most will recover in a week or two. Some people get severe dengue and require hospital treatment.
DIAGNOSIS OF CHIKUNGUYA
Diagnosis of chikunguya. A virus called chikungunya is transmitted by mosquito bites. Within three to seven days of being bitten, the majority of patients have symptoms like joint discomfort and fever. The goal of treatment is symptom management. Within a week, most individuals feel better. The Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are the primary vectors of the Chikungunya virus, which is transmitted to humans through mosquito bites.
DIAGNOSIS OF CHIKUNGUYA
A person contracts chikungunya when bitten by a mosquito carrying the virus. Although blood transmission may be a possibility, the virus cannot be transferred from person to person by body contact or saliva. The virus can cause severe symptoms like fever and joint pain. Because chikungunya is known to cause joint pain, the term literally translates to “bent over.”
Signs
DIAGNOSIS OF CHIKUNGUYA
Chikungunya symptoms often appear three to seven days following a mosquito bite, while some people experience symptoms as soon as two days or as long as twelve days. The two most typical signs of the chikungunya virus are fever and joint pain. Symptom severity can differ from person to person. A lot of people have debilitating joint discomfort. Usually, the fever starts abruptly. Some people may experience such minor symptoms that they choose not to see a doctor or confuse the virus for another condition. Other signs and symptoms could be: Headache. ache in the muscles. your joints getting swollen. Rash. Fatigue. Nausea. The majority of patients recover completely after experiencing symptoms for roughly a week.
Diagnosis
Although, If you have chikungunya symptoms and have recently visited a region of the world where the disease is known to spread, let your doctor know. For the diagnosis of chikungunya, they can also request a blood test.
Causes
However, a person contracts the virus when they are bitten by a mosquito carrying the virus. The virus does not transferred from person to person by touch or bodily fluids, but rather through mosquito bites. This implies that you will not infect a family member or caregiver with chikungunya if you are ill. Healthcare professionals have reportedly contracted the virus after handling an infected person’s blood. This indicates that while blood-borne transmission is rare, it is feasible.
Management
Meanwhile, Chikungunya can be treated with drugs. The goal of treatment is to control a patient’s symptoms. This comprises: consuming a lot of liquids. Resting a lot. Acetaminophen is being taken for pain. Until your doctor has diagnosed you, avoid using aspirin or nonsteroidal anti inflammatory medicines (NSAIDS). Within a week of their initial symptoms, most people feel better. However, some persons complain of joint pain that lasts for months or even years. Since you get immune to the virus after having chikungunya, the majority of data indicates that you are unlikely to contract it again.
Prevention
Also, applying insect repellant. To deter mosquitoes, you can use sprays, creams, candles, and other products. To ensure that what you use is safe and applied properly, please read the label instructions. covering your hands, feet, arms, and legs with clothing. Additionally, there are sprays that you can use straight on your clothes. removing standing water from your house’s surroundings. Planters, old tires, buckets, birdbaths, and any other container that can hold still water are examples of locations that draw sitting water. In or close to water, mosquitoes prefer to lay their eggs. Use mosquito netting to protect tents, wagons, and strollers. Make sure you have screens to keep mosquitoes out or that your doors and windows are closed.
Summary
The virus known as chikungunya is contracted by mosquito bites. Although the majority of people recover in a week, some medical issues may have complications. Keeping yourself safe from mosquito bites is the best defense against chikungunya. This can be achieved by applying insect repellent, remaining indoors if there are a lot of mosquitoes, and clearing any standing water from the area around your house.
PREVENTION OF WEST NILE FEVER
Prevention of west Nile fever. The virus known as West Nile is transmitted by mosquito bites. The majority of West Nile virus infections are asymptomatic. Symptoms like fever, rash, and muscle aches affect about 1 in 5 persons. In rare cases, West Nile can result in severe inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, including meningitis and encephalitis.
PREVENTION OF WEST NILE FEVER
The virus known as West Nile is transmitted by mosquito bites. The majority of infected individuals show no symptoms. However, 1 in 5 persons suffer from West Nile fever, which is characterized by fever, headache, body pains, and other flu-like symptoms. In rare cases, the West Nile virus can infect your nervous system and result in severe inflammation of the brain or spinal cord (meningitis or encephalitis). The West Nile district in Uganda, where it was initially discovered, is the source of the name.
Symptoms
West Nile fever symptoms include: Fever. Headache. The muscles hurt. vomiting and nausea. Diarrhea. Rash (typically centered on your back and chest). swelling in the lymph nodes. sore throat. discomfort behind your eyes. More severe West Nile infection symptoms include: severe, excruciating headache. high fever (temperature more than 39.5 degrees Celsius or 103 degrees Fahrenheit). stiff neck. It may be difficult for you to bring your chin up to your chest. Confusion. weakening of the muscles. Uncontrollable muscle movements, such as convulsions or tremors. Seizures. Paralysis. Coma.
Causes
West Nile is an arbovirus, which is a virus that is contracted from an arthropod, which is a broad category that includes insects. It belongs to the genus Flavivirus and is an RNA virus. Zika, dengue fever, and yellow fever are all caused by similar viruses.
Treatment
The West Nile virus cannot be treated with antiviral drugs. Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, similar to those used for a cold or flu, can be used to treat minor symptoms at home. At a hospital, medical professionals will keep an eye on you if you have severe neurological symptoms. They may attempt to lessen brain swelling or treat your symptoms using: If you are experiencing seizures, take anti-seizure medications. mechanical ventilation or more oxygen to aid in breathing. fluids administered intravenously (IV) to maintain hydration. To lessen inflammation, use corticosteroids. If you are unable to feed yourself, you may be tube fed.
Prevention
The West Nile virus cannot be prevented by vaccination. Preventing mosquito bites is the best method to lower your risk. Among the methods to do this are: avoiding periods of high danger. When mosquitoes are most active, which is early in the morning and around sunset, stay inside. applying insect repellant. Before venturing outside, apply insect repellent to exposed skin or clothing. For efficacy, look for ones that are registered with the Environmental Protection Agency. putting a covering over your skin.
More Prevention
When you’re outside, cover more of your body with light clothing, such as long sleeves or long pants. removing any standing water. Empty and clean any spots that can retain water, like a birdbath or blocked rain gutters, on a regular basis to prevent mosquitoes from breeding there. Mosquitoes are kept outside. To prevent mosquitoes from entering your house, keep windows and doors closed or screened. observing safety measures whether sleeping or traveling outside. If at all possible, sleep with the windows closed, or use a mosquito net to prevent nighttime bites.
Summary
Mosquitoes are usually just an annoying annoyance. However, they occasionally carry viruses that might cause illness. Thankfully, 80% of West Nile patients never experience any symptoms. Additionally, the majority of people have a very low chance of being very ill. You can take precautions against mosquito bites if you may be in their vicinity. See a doctor if you experience any West Nile symptoms after being bitten. They can answer any questions you may have and help you understand which symptoms are critical to watch out for.
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