A stomach virus, also known as viral gastroenteritis, is a common illness that affects the stomach and intestines. It causes symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps. Although often called the “stomach flu,” it’s not related to the flu (influenza), which is a respiratory illness.
Causes of a Stomach Virus
Stomach viruses are usually spread through:
– Contaminated food or water
– Close contact with someone infected
– Touching contaminated surfaces and then your mouth
The most common viruses that cause gastroenteritis include:
– Norovirus (most common in adults)
– Rotavirus (more common in children)
– Adenovirus and astrovirus
Symptoms
Symptoms usually appear 1–3 days after infection and can last for 1–3 days, sometimes longer. Common symptoms include:
– Nausea
– Vomiting
– Watery diarrhea
– Stomach cramps
– Fever
– Headache
– Muscle aches
– Fatigue
Is It Contagious?
Yes. Stomach viruses are highly contagious, especially in crowded places like schools, nursing homes, and cruise ships. A person can be contagious before symptoms start and even a few days after recovery.
Treatment
There is no specific cure for a stomach virus—it usually goes away on its own. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing dehydration.
What You Can Do:
– Drink plenty of fluids – water, oral rehydration solutions, clear broths
– Eat bland foods – like bananas, rice, applesauce, toast (BRAT diet)
– Rest as much as possible
– Avoid dairy, caffeine, alcohol, fatty, or spicy foods until fully recovered
When to See a Doctor:
– Symptoms last more than 2–3 days
– Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, little or no urine, dizziness)
– High fever
– Bloody stool or vomit
– Severe abdominal pain
Prevention Tips
– Wash hands regularly with soap and water
– Disinfect surfaces like kitchen counters and bathroom handles
– Avoid sharing food or utensils
– Cook food thoroughly and drink clean, safe water
– Stay home if you’re sick to avoid spreading the virus
– Use hand sanitizers if soap and water aren’t available, but handwashing is more effective against viruses like norovirus
Complications
The most common complication from a stomach virus is dehydration, especially in young children, older adults, and people with weak immune systems. Severe dehydration may require IV fluids and medical attention.
Signs of dehydration include:
– Dry mouth or cracked lips
– Sunken eyes
– Dizziness or lightheadedness
– Little or no urination
– Lethargy or confusion (especially in children or elderly)
Final Thoughts
A stomach virus can be unpleasant, but it typically clears up on its own with proper rest and hydration. Preventing its spread through good hygiene and careful food handling is key to protecting yourself and others.
If symptoms are severe or don’t improve, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice.