SYMPTOMS OF HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE

Symptoms of Huntington’s Disease. Huntington’s disease is a hereditary disorder that impacts brain cells. Over time, the illness worsens since it is progressive. Your thoughts, feelings, and movement are all impacted by common ailments. Between the ages of 30 and 50 is when symptoms typically first appear. You can get treatment to make yourself more comfortable.

SYMPTOMS OF HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE

Huntington’s disease is a  inherited condition that gradually impairs and kills brain cells. The cells in the areas of your brain that control memory and voluntary movement are impacted. Typical signs include uncontrollable movements and alterations in your attitude, thoughts, and actions. As time passes, these symptoms worsen.

Symptoms

Huntington’s disease has an impact on your emotional and physical health. Among the physical signs are: Chorea, or uncontrollable movements like jerking or twitching.
Ataxia is the loss of coordination.
Walking is difficult. having trouble swallowing. slurred words.
Physical symptoms can begin mildly, such as clumsiness, losing balance, or trouble gripping a pen, and gradually worsen.

Furthermore, if you have Huntington’s disease, you can experience:
emotional shifts, such as irritation, despair, and mood swings.
issues with concentration, memory, and multitasking.
difficulty picking up new knowledge. inability to reason and make decisions. At initially, your everyday life might not be significantly impacted by your mental and physical symptoms. However, these symptoms will eventually make it harder for you to perform your daily activities by yourself.

Causes

Huntington’s disease is caused by a mutation in the HTT gene. A protein known as huntingtin is produced by the HTT gene. The function of your nerve cells, or neurons, is aided by this protein. All the information required to produce the huntingtin protein is missing from your DNA if you have Huntington’s disease. As a result, these proteins develop abnormally and end up killing your neurons rather than repairing them. This genetic mutation causes the death of your neurons. In the part of your brain that controls how your body moves, known as the basal ganglia, nerve cells are destroyed. The brain cortex, or surface of the brain, which controls memory, thought, and decision-making, is also impacted.

Treatment

The goal of treatment for Huntington’s disease is to make you feel more at ease. No medication is available to halt, reduce, or avoid symptoms. Your physical, mental, and emotional well-being are all impacted by this ailment, therefore you can require a variety of treatments, such as:
occupational therapy or physical therapy.
speech therapy. Counseling. Medications.

Prevention

There is currently no proven method to lower your risk of developing Huntington’s disease. Discuss genetic testing with a genetic counselor if you intend to grow your family in order to determine your likelihood of having a kid with a genetic problem. If you want to ensure that your future offspring do not inherit Huntington’s disease, you can use genetic testing in conjunction with in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Summary

Knowing how this ailment may impact you in the future can make it easy to lose hope, but you’re not alone. A lot of people find solace in joining a support group or talking to a mental health expert. There is also continuous research to find out more about therapeutic alternatives that can help you live a better life.

CAUSES OF HYPERGLYCEMIA

Causes of Hyperglycemia. When your blood contains too much sugar, you have hyperglycemia. It is also known as high blood glucose or high blood sugar. insulin resistance is a condition in which your body is unable to use insulin as it should or has insufficient amounts of the hormone insulin. Having hyperglycemia typically indicates diabetes, and hyperglycemia episodes might be common in diabetics.

CAUSES OF HYPERGLYCEMIA

However, your neurons, blood vessels, tissues, and organs may sustain harm if your hyperglycemia is left untreated for some time. Blood glucose levels that are higher than normal are referred to as hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar. Although it is frequently linked to diabetes, a number of causes can cause it to happen to persons without the disease as well.

Signs

Increased appetite and/or thirst (polydipsia) are early signs of hyperglycemia.
frequent need to urinate.
Headache. visual impairment.
Fatigue is one sign of chronic hyperglycemia. reduction of weight. yeast infections in the vagina. skin infections. wounds and sores that heal slowly.

Although, if any of these symptoms apply to you or your child, you should consult your healthcare professional.
Individuals with diabetes may exhibit symptoms at different glucose levels. Many patients wait until their blood sugar levels reach 250 mg/dL or more before they start to exhibit symptoms. These symptoms are often less severe in those who have not yet been diagnosed with diabetes.
If you take insulin or other diabetic treatments, it’s extremely critical to be aware of the early warning signals of hyperglycemia and to routinely check your blood sugar levels. Untreated hyperglycemia can lead to diabetes-related ketoacidosis (DKA), a condition in which your blood becomes acidic due to a high level of ketones and a lack of insulin.

Causes

Insulin resistance
In insulin resistance, hyperglycemia is frequently caused. Insulin resistance, sometimes referred to as diminished insulin sensitivity, occurs when your muscles, fat, and liver cells don’t react to insulin as they should.
In order to control blood sugar, your body needs more and more insulin when your cells don’t react to it correctly. Hyperglycemia occurs when your body cannot manufacture enough insulin or when you do not inject enough of it.

Long-term pancreatitis
Insulin-producing cells may be harmed by the chronic inflammation this illness creates in the pancreas. Lack of insulin and hyperglycemia may follow from this. Type 3c diabetes has been linked to pancreatitis.

Pancreatic cancer.
Hyperglycemia and insufficient insulin can arise from damage to the cells that make insulin caused by pancreatic cancer. Six to thirty-six months prior to the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, about 25% of patients are diagnosed with diabetes.

Treatment

Meanwhile, when taking insulin to control diabetes, the primary method of treating bouts of hyperglycemia is by injecting insulin. Each person needs a different amount of insulin. Which dosage is ideal for you to treat and prevent high blood sugar will be decided by you and your healthcare professional. You can avoid hyperglycemia by controlling your blood sugar with dietary adjustments and exercise regimens. In individuals with Type 2 diabetes who do not need insulin injections, hyperglycemia can be controlled with oral diabetic drugs and lifestyle modifications like exercise and dietary adjustments. Your provider and you will decide which plan is ideal for you.

Summary

Also, it’s crucial to keep in mind that hyperglycemia need not be a chronic condition. Be aware that there are things you can do to avoid it. Speak with your healthcare practitioner if managing your diabetes is becoming too much for you. You can work together to create a strategy that will help you reach your management objectives.

TYPES OF HYDROCEPHALUS

Types of hydrocephalus. An excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain is known as hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is derived from the Greek terms “cephalus,” which means head, and “hydro,” which means water. Previously, hydrocephalus was referred to as “water on the brain.” The clear, colorless fluid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord is called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and it is truly the “water.”

TYPES OF HYDROCEPHALUS

Your brain’s ventricles are the normal passageways for CSF. CSF acts as your brain’s system for removing waste and delivering nutrients. Your brain and spinal cord are surrounded by CSF, which shields and cushions them from harm. Following that, CSF is reabsorbed into your circulation. Developmental delays, migraines, hazy eyesight, and altered gait are some of the symptoms, as is a larger head, particularly in infants.

Types

When the CSF flow is interrupted after it exits your ventricles, communicating hydrocephalus happens. The swelling of the arachnoid membranes at the base of your brain may cause this kind of hydrocephalus. The CSF cannot flow freely because of this obstruction. The reason this kind of hydrocephalus is called communicative is that your ventricles are still open and the CSF can still move between them. Hydrocephalus that does not communicate is often referred to as obstructive hydrocephalus. Blockages in one or more of the small channels that connect your ventricles can result in non-communicating hydrocephalus. When your ventricles swell due to CSF buildup, but there is little to no rise in pressure, you have normal pressure hydrocephalus. The distinction between NPH and other forms of hydrocephalus is that, despite the presence of an abnormally high volume of CSF, the pressure within your ventricles stays constant. Symptoms appear gradually when the CSF in your ventricles builds up. The elderly are most commonly affected by NPH. Damage to the brain from a head injury or stroke causes hydrocephalus ex-vacuo. Your ventricles’ surrounding brain tissue shrinks in these situations. To fill in the additional space, CSF accumulates in your ventricles. Despite the enlargement of your ventricles, your head pressure often stays normal.

Causes

Numerous factors can lead to the development of hydrocephalus. Both congenital and acquired hydrocephalus are possible.
During fetal development, congenital hydrocephalus is caused by a confluence of environmental and genetic variables. Being “congenital” means existing from birth. Congenital hydrocephalus most frequently results from:
Defects of the brain and spinal cord (neural tube), include spina bifida.
A condition known as aqueductal stenosis occurs when the thin passageway between your brain’s third and fourth ventricles narrows.
complications from early birth, include internal bleeding in the ventricles.
infections that might inflame the fetal brain tissue during pregnancy, such rubella.

People of all ages can develop acquired hydrocephalus at any time after birth. Acquired hydrocephalus is most frequently caused by:
brain injury.
Stroke.

Treatment

Shunt. A shunt is a medical device that is surgically implanted as the most common treatment for hydrocephalus. A flexible tube called a shunt is inserted into your brain. The extra CSF is drained and sent to a different part of your body for absorption.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV): This procedure involves creating a tiny hole in your third ventricle’s floor. This makes room for the regular flow of CSF into and out of your brain. Usually, children older than two get this treatment.

Summary

A loved one’s hydrocephalus diagnosis can be frightening. It’s crucial to keep in mind that you’re not alone, though. You can receive the resources and tools you require to provide for your family from your healthcare physician. A regular, happy existence is something your loved one can achieve by being aware and making the right plans.