Health
Brain Tumor
BRAIN TUMOR
Brain tumor. An abnormal growth of cells in the brain, known as a brain tumors, can be either benign or carcinomaous. Depending on their size and location, they might produce a range of symptoms. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are among the available treatments. A mass of aberrant cells called a brain tumor can form in the brain’s tissue or in adjacent organs like the pituitary gland, nerves, or the membranes that surround the brain.
BRAIN TUMOR
Primary brain tumors start in the brain, whereas secondary brain tumors spread from another region of the body. They may be malignant, or cancerous, or benign, or noncancerous. The brain is where brain tumors can start. We refer to these as primary brain tumors. Cancer can occasionally move from other regions of the body to the brain. These tumors are referred to as metastatic brain tumors or secondary brain tumors.
Types
Gliomas are primary brain tumors that start in the glial cells that surround and shield the brain’s nerve cells. Meningiomas are tumors that grow in the membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord, known as meningiomas. Cancers that develop in the pituitary gland, a little gland located near the base of the brain, are known as pituitary tumors. Neurofibromas are tumors that grow in the tissue of the nerves. Ependymomas are tumors that start in the cells that line the spinal canal and ventricles of the brain. Metastatic secondary brain tumors: Cancer cells from other body areas, such as the kidneys, breast, or lungs, can travel to the brain and develop into tumors.
Symptoms
Headaches: Frequently the initial sign, particularly if the tumor is expanding and pressing against the brain. If the tumor irritates or destroys brain tissue, seizures may result. Vision or Hearing Changes: If the tumor puts pressure on the auditory pathways or optic nerve. If the tumor impacts the brain’s motor regions, one side of the body may experience weakness or numbness. Coordination or balance issues may arise if the tumor impacts the cerebellum, which is the area of the brain in charge of coordination. Alterations in Behavior or Personality: If the tumor impacts the frontal lobes, which are in charge of higher-level processes. Confusion or Memory Loss: If the tumor impacts the temporal lobes, which are in charge of language and memory. Vomiting or nausea: If the tumor raises the pressure inside the skull.
Diagnosis
Neurological Examination: The patient’s reflexes, coordination, and other neurological functions will be evaluated by the physician. Imaging of the Brain: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can identify malignancies and provide fine-grained images of the brain. Computed Tomography Scan (CT Scan): Produces cross-sectional pictures of the brain using X-rays.
Biopsy
A tiny sample of the tumor tissue may occasionally be removed for examination. Brain tumor treatment: Surgery: To get rid of the tumor or make it smaller. Radiation therapy: Using high-energy radiation to destroy tumor cells. Chemotherapy: Using medications to destroy cancer cells. Using medications that target particular chemicals in cancer cells is known as targeted therapy.
Causes
Primary brain tumors are those that begin as an expansion of brain cells. They may begin in the surrounding tissue or directly in the brain. The meninges, which are membranes covering the brain, may be nearby tissue. Additionally, brain tumors can develop in the pituitary, pineal, and nerve systems. When DNA alterations occur in brain or nearby cells, brain tumors result. The instructions that inform a cell what to do are encoded in its DNA. When healthy cells would naturally perish as part of their life cycle, the alterations instruct the cells to proliferate rapidly and survive. The brain produces a large number of additional cells as a result. A development known as a tumor may develop from the cells.
Summary
Brain cancers cannot be prevented. You did nothing to induce a brain tumor to develop. Individuals who are at a higher risk of developing a brain tumor may want to think about getting screened. Screening does not prevent brain tumors. However, when a brain tumor is tiny and has a higher chance of success with therapy, screening may help detect it.
LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM
Lymphogranuloma venereum. The sexually transmitted disease (STD) lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is brought on by an infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. There are three phases to LGV. Blisters that are loaded with fluid on your genitalia are the first sign. If you don’t take antibiotics for LGV right away, you could have major problems. You can lower your chance of contracting this sexually transmitted disease by engaging in safe sexual practices.
LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM
The sexually transmitted disease known as lymphogranuloma venereum can be treated with antibiotics, but if left untreated, it can harm your lymphatic system over time and raise your risk of contracting HIV and other STDs. The first stage of LGV is characterized by genital blisters, and the second stage results in enlarged, painful lymph nodes in your groin, pelvis, or rectum.
Causes
The cause of lymphogranuloma venereum is a bacterium known as Chlamydia trachomatis. The germs that cause LGV are known as serovars L1, L2, and L3. The more prevalent STI chlamydia is caused by a distinct variety of chlamydia bacteria (serovars D-K). Oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse can all spread LGV.
Signs
Your lymph node skin may deteriorate. As a result, blood or pus can leak out of your nasal canal and onto your skin.
Abdominal pain is one of the possible additional symptoms.
Anal pain.
women’s pelvic or back pain.
Aches in the body.
Constipation.
Fatigue.
Having the urge to defecate or pass feces.
Fever and headache.
Proctitis is an inflammation of the anus and rectum.
bleeding, itching, or discharge from the rectum.
Dysuria, or painful urination, and defecation, or painful bowel movements.
Inexplicable loss of weight.
Treatment
Doxycycline is the antibiotic that providers use to treat LGV. Typically, they advise taking 100 mg of doxycycline twice a day for 21 days. As substitute therapies, doctors might recommend azithromycin or erythromycin.
A fine needle aspiration, or FNA, of any pus-filled lymph nodes in your groin (buboes) may also be advised by your healthcare provider. Pain and discomfort can be lessened with the aid of FNA.
Prevention
You can lower your LGV risk by:
Steer clear of risky sexual behavior, such as having several partners at once.
When symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) first appear, get identified and treated.
If your provider diagnoses you with LGV, inform your sexual partners. If you had a partner within 60 days of receiving your diagnosis, you should inform them. After that, they can be examined and, if required, treated.
When having sex, wear condoms or other protective gear.
Summary
Sexually transmitted diseases include lymphogranuloma venereum. Anal, vaginal, or oral intercourse can all spread LGV—the symptoms of LGV manifest in three phases. Fluid-filled blisters and enlarged lymph nodes in the groin, pelvis, or rectum are among the symptoms. If LGV is not treated promptly, complications can include enlarged genitalia and infertility. Antibiotics are an effective treatment for lymphogranuloma venereum. You can recover fully if you receive treatment from your provider immediately.
LYME DISEASE
Lyme disease. When a human is bitten by an infected tick, they can contract Lyme disease. Joint pain may result from the disorder. Lyme disease is treated with antibiotics. There may be certain symptoms that persist even after treatment.
LYME DISEASE
The bacterium Borrelia is the cause of Lyme disease. Lyme disease is often contracted by humans through the bite of a tick that is carrying the pathogen. Most of the United States is home to ticks that can transmit the bacterium Borrelia.
Signs
Erythema migraines (EM) are a reddish rash or skin lesion that begins as a small red spot at the site of the tick bite and grows over a few days or weeks to form a circular, triangular, or oval-shaped rash. The rash can range in size from the width of a person’s back to that of a dime. As the infection spreads, multiple EM rashes (lesions) may appear at different sites on your body, including fever, headache, and stiff neck.
Joint and body pain.
Fatigue.
enlarged glands (lymph nodes).
The following are possible indications of the early disseminated stage, the second stage of Lyme disease:
Rash in several places.
facial muscular paralysis (Bell’s palsy).
Heart block is a disruption of the heart’s electrical circuit.
regions with altered sensations or numbness (neuropathy).
Treatment
Antibiotics, typically amoxicillin or doxycycline, are useful in treating Lyme disease. The length of your treatment is determined by the infection stage. It is generally true that a faster and more thorough healing occurs the sooner you receive treatment.
Treatment for Lyme disease should also be provided to expectant mothers. However, there is no proof that the virus can contaminate a fetus from its mother. Additionally, there is no solid proof that having Lyme disease increases the risk of miscarriage.
Using dull tweezers, gently but firmly tug the tick’s “head” close to the skin’s surface until it releases its grip.
You run the risk of coming into contact with the tick’s microorganisms if you handle it with your bare fingers or crush its body.
Use soap and water to thoroughly wash the bite site.
To get rid of the tick, avoid using hot cigarette butts, petroleum jelly (like Vaseline®), or kerosene.
Avoid using tweezers or your fingers to squeeze the tick’s body.
Prevention
You could want to apply permethrin, an insecticide that is frequently sold in lawn and garden stores, to your clothing to keep ticks away. DEET-containing insect repellents can also be sprayed directly onto your skin or on clothing. Pay close attention to the labels. Don’t use it excessively. Excessive amounts can be dangerous.
Wear long sleeves and tight-fitting shirts around the wrists and ankles to reduce skin exposure to ticks and insect repellents.
Put on shoes that cover your entire foot, tuck your pant legs into your socks, and wear a cap.
To help you spot ticks, dress in light-colored clothing.
To prevent ticks from being picked up from overhanging grass and shrubs, walk in the middle of trails.
Do a tick-check before taking a shower and using a washcloth to scrub after engaging in outdoor activities in a “at-risk” location.
Summary
Avoid getting bitten if you plan to spend time in an area where ticks may be present. Wearing clothing with long sleeves and pants can help deter tick bites. You should schedule a visit with your healthcare practitioner if you feel ill after being in an area likely for ticks. Take antibiotics exactly as directed by your doctor if they are prescribed.
LUPUS
Lupus. Your entire body becomes inflamed when you have lupus. Since it’s an autoimmune disease, your body is harmed by your immune system rather than protected. Depending on where your autoimmune system attacks tissue, you may have symptoms all over your body.
LUPUS
An autoimmune disease causes tissue and organs all over your body to be damaged by your immune system. Your skin, joints, blood, and organs including your kidneys, lungs, and heart may all be impacted by the inflammation it creates. A medical professional will assist you in locating drugs to control your symptoms and lessen the frequency of flare-ups.
Types
Skin-only lupus is known as cutaneous lupus erythematous.
Drug-induced: As a side effect, certain drugs can the symptoms. Usually transient, it may disappear once you stop taking the drug that caused it.
Neonatal lupus: This can occasionally be present in newborns. Although they may be at a higher risk, babies born to biological parents who have lupus are not guaranteed to have the disease.
Symptoms
The symptoms of lupus typically occur in waves, known as flare-ups. The symptoms may be so bad during a flare-up that they interfere with your everyday activities. Additionally, you may experience times of remission during which your symptoms are minimal or nonexistent.
Usually, symptoms appear gradually. You may initially experience one or two lupus symptoms, followed by additional or distinct symptoms. The most typical symptoms include chest pain, muscle pain, or joint pain, particularly during deep breathing.
Headaches.
Rashes: It’s normal to get a rash all over your face, which medical professionals sometimes refer to as a butterfly rash.
Fever.
loss of hair.
mouth ulcers.
Causes
Genetic factors: You may be at a higher risk of developing lupus if you have specific genetic alterations.
Hormones: Your body’s responses to some hormones, particularly estrogen, may increase your risk of developing lupus.
Environmental variables: Your chance of developing lupus may be influenced by factors such as your living situation and the amount of pollution or sunlight you are exposed to.
Your medical background: Lupus may be brought on by smoking, stress, and certain other medical problems (such as other autoimmune disorders).
Treatment
A medication known as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), hydroxychloroquine can alleviate lupus symptoms and decrease their progression.
NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: NSAIDs sold over-the-counter (OTC) lessen inflammation and ease discomfort. The optimal kind of NSAID for you and how frequently to take it will be determined by your doctor. Consult your provider before using NSAIDs for longer than ten days in a row.
Your doctor may prescribe you oral pills or inject a corticosteroid directly into one of your joints. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids are prescription drugs that lower inflammation; one common corticosteroid used to treat lupus is prednisone. Immunosuppressants: Immunosuppressants are drugs that inhibit your immune system and make it less active, which can help prevent inflammation and tissue damage.
Prevention
Continuing to be active
Movement may be unpleasant or difficult due to joint pain. But the greatest technique to get rid of pain and stiffness in your joints may be to move and use them lightly. You may move your body without overtaxing your joints by doing yoga, tai chi, swimming, riding, and walking. Find out from your healthcare practitioner what kinds of activities are most safe for you.
Summary
Ask inquiries and speak with your provider without fear. Your lupus may be impacting you differently if you notice even little changes in your health or symptoms. Keep in mind that you are the greatest person to determine whether something in your body isn’t quite right.
